Biomedical Instrumentation 100 MCQs Mastery
Elevate your understanding of Biomedical Instrumentation with mastery over 100 multiple choice questions.
This comprehensive set of MCQs covers essential concepts, enabling you to enhance your knowledge and proficiency in the subject.
Which of the following devices is used to measure blood pressure?
A. ECG
B. EEG
C. Sphygmomanometer
D. Spirometer
Answer: C
Explanation: A sphygmomanometer is a device that measures blood pressure. It’s typically used alongside a stethoscope.
Which instrument is used to measure the electrical activity of the heart?
A. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
B. Electroencephalogram (EEG)
C. Electromyogram (EMG)
D. Thermometer
Answer: A
Explanation: An ECG records the electrical signals in your heart. It’s a common and painless test used to quickly detect heart problems and monitor your heart’s health.
The ‘P’ wave in an ECG represents what?
A. Ventricular depolarization
B. Ventricular repolarization
C. Atrial depolarization
D. Atrial repolarization
Answer: C
Explanation: The ‘P’ wave in an ECG trace represents the electrical activity associated with the atrial depolarization, which leads to the contraction of both atria.
Which technique is often used for imaging soft tissues like the brain and spinal cord?
A. X-ray
B. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
C. Ultrasonography
D. Electrocardiogram
Answer: B
Explanation: MRI uses a powerful magnetic field and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body. It is especially good for imaging soft tissues.
Which of the following instrument is used for hearing internal sounds of a human body?
A. Microscope
B. Stethoscope
C. Spectrometer
D. Thermometer
Answer: B
Explanation: A stethoscope is used to listen to the internal sounds of a human body, like heartbeats and breathing.
What does an oximeter measure?
A. Blood pressure
B. Body temperature
C. Oxygen saturation in the blood
D. Blood sugar levels
Answer: C
Explanation: An oximeter is a device used to measure the oxygen saturation or the percentage of oxygen in the patient’s blood.
Which of the following is not a biomedical imaging technique?
A. Computed Tomography (CT)
B. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
C. Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
D. Spectrophotometry
Answer: D
Explanation: Spectrophotometry is not an imaging technique. It’s a method used in measuring the amount of light absorbed by a substance in a solution.
What is the full form of PET in PET scan?
A. Positron Emission Tomography
B. Positron Energy Transfer
C. Particle Energy Tomography
D. Photon Emission Transfer
Answer: A
What is the function of an autoclave in a biomedical setting?
A. To freeze samples
B. To sterilize equipment
C. To measure blood pressure
D. To scan brain activity
Answer: B
Explanation: An autoclave is a device used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam at high temperature.
Which of the following is used to measure body temperature?
A. Spirometer
B. Sphygmomanometer
C. Stethoscope
D. Thermometer
Answer: D
Explanation: A thermometer is a device that measures temperature or a temperature gradient.
Which of the following is a non-invasive method of monitoring the oxygen saturation in the patient’s blood?
A. Pulse Oximetry
B. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis
C. Biopsy
D. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
Answer: A
Explanation: Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive method for monitoring a person’s oxygen saturation in the blood. It’s quick and painless.
The ‘QRS’ complex in an ECG represents what?
A. Atrial depolarization
B. Atrial repolarization
C. Ventricular depolarization
D. Ventricular repolarization
Answer: C
Explanation: The ‘QRS’ complex in an ECG trace represents the electrical activity associated with the ventricular depolarization, which leads to the contraction of both ventricles.
What is the role of a defibrillator?
A. To measure blood pressure
B. To restore normal heart rhythm
C. To measure body temperature
D. To image the body’s internal structures
Answer: B
Explanation: A defibrillator is a device that gives a high energy electric shock to the heart through the chest wall to someone who is in cardiac arrest.
What is the purpose of an Electroencephalogram (EEG)?
A. To measure blood pressure
B. To image the body’s internal structures
C. To measure electrical activity in the brain
D. To sterilize medical equipment
Answer: C
Explanation: An EEG is a test that detects electrical activity in your brain using small, metal discs (electrodes) attached to your scalp.
Which imaging modality uses sound waves to image the body’s internal structures?
A. Computed Tomography (CT)
B. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
C. Ultrasonography
D. Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Answer: C
Explanation: Ultrasonography uses high-frequency sound waves to image the body’s internal structures. It is commonly used during pregnancy to monitor the development of the fetus.
What does a ‘T’ wave signify in an ECG?
A. Atrial depolarization
B. Atrial repolarization
C. Ventricular depolarization
D. Ventricular repolarization
Answer: D
Explanation: The ‘T’ wave in an ECG trace represents the electrical activity associated with the ventricular repolarization, which is the recovery of the ventricles after contraction.
Which of the following is not a function of a pacemaker?
A. Regulate heart rhythm
B. Boost heart rate
C. Generate images of the heart
D. Help the heart’s chambers work together
Answer: C
Explanation: A pacemaker is a small device that’s placed under the skin in your chest to help control your heartbeat. It does not have imaging capabilities.
What is the full form of CT in CT scan?
A. Computed Topography
B. Computerized Tomography
C. Computed Tomography
D. Computerized Topography
Answer: C
Explanation: CT stands for Computed Tomography. It is an imaging procedure that uses special x-ray equipment to create detailed pictures, or scans, of areas inside the body.
What is the primary function of a dialysis machine?
A. To supply oxygen to patients
B. To filter waste and excess water from blood
C. To measure blood pressure
D. To assist in breathing
Answer: B
Explanation: A dialysis machine is primarily used to filter waste, remove excess fluid, and balance electrolytes in patients who have kidney failure.
Which of the following instruments is used to measure the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs?
A. Spirometer
B. Sphygmomanometer
C. Stethoscope
D. Thermometer
Answer: A
Explanation: A spirometer is a device that measures the volume of air inhaled and exhaled by the lungs. It’s commonly used to diagnose conditions that affect lung function.
Which technique is often used to visualize bone fractures?
A. X-ray
B. MRI
C. PET scan
D. EEG
Answer: A
Explanation: X-ray imaging is a quick and painless method often used for the detection of bone fractures as it can easily differentiate between dense structures (like bones) and soft tissues.
What is the purpose of a centrifuge in a biomedical laboratory?
A. To heat samples
B. To measure blood pressure
C. To separate components of a mixture
D. To image the body’s internal structures
Answer: C
Explanation: A centrifuge is a machine with a rapidly rotating container that applies centrifugal force to its contents, typically to separate fluids of different densities (e.g., cream from milk) or liquids from solids.
Which instrument is used to examine the interior of the eye, including the lens, retina, and optic nerve?
A. Ophthalmoscope
B. Otoscope
C. Microscope
D. Endoscope
Answer: A
Explanation: An ophthalmoscope is an instrument used to examine the interior structures of the eye, which include the lens, retina, and optic nerve.
Which device is used to deliver a controlled amount of a medication over a period of time?
A. Dialysis machine
B. Infusion pump
C. Autoclave
D. Defibrillator
Answer: B
Explanation: An infusion pump is a device used to deliver medications and nutrients to patients in controlled amounts over time. It’s commonly used in healthcare settings like hospitals, nursing homes, and in home care.
What does an Electromyogram (EMG) measure?
A. Blood pressure
B. Body temperature
C. Electrical activity of muscles
D. Oxygen saturation in the blood
Answer: C
Explanation: An EMG is a diagnostic procedure to assess the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them. It measures the electrical activity of muscles both at rest and during contraction.
Which imaging technique uses a radioactive substance called a tracer to look for disease in the body?
A. Ultrasound
B. X-ray
C. MRI
D. PET scan
Answer: D
Explanation: A PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan uses a radioactive substance, or tracer, to visualize and measure physiological functions in the body to diagnose and monitor medical conditions.
Which device is commonly used in hospitals to continuously monitor a patient’s vital signs, like heart rate and blood pressure?
A. Spirometer
B. Defibrillator
C. Patient monitor
D. Dialysis machine
Answer: C
Explanation: Patient monitors are routinely used in hospitals to continuously monitor patients’ vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation.
What is the purpose of a catheter in a biomedical setting?
A. To remove waste from the blood
B. To deliver or remove fluids to/from the body
C. To measure blood pressure
D. To image the body’s internal structures
Answer: B
Explanation: A catheter is a tube that can be inserted into a body cavity, duct, or vessel to allow fluid to drain, or to inject fluid into the body.
What is the role of a ventilator?
A. To supply oxygen to patients
B. To filter waste and excess water from blood
C. To measure blood pressure
D. To assist in breathing
Answer: D
Explanation: A ventilator is a machine designed to provide mechanical ventilation by moving breathable air into and out of the lungs, to deliver breaths to a patient who is physically unable to breathe, or breathing insufficiently.
What is the full form of EEG?
A. Electroencephalogram
B. Electrocerebral Graph
C. Electrocerebral Gram
D. Electroencephalographic
Answer: A
Explanation: EEG stands for Electroencephalogram. It is a test that measures and records the electrical activity of your brain.
Which instrument is used to visualize and examine the structures of the ear?
A. Otoscope
B. Ophthalmoscope
C. Microscope
D. Endoscope
Answer: A
Explanation: An otoscope is a device used to look into the ear canal to screen for illness during regular check-ups and also to investigate ear symptoms.
What does a TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) machine do?
A. Stimulates nerves for therapeutic purposes
B. Measures blood pressure
C. Generates images of the heart
D. Helps the heart’s chambers work together
Answer: A
Explanation: A TENS machine is a small, battery-operated device that sends electrical impulses to certain parts of the body to block pain signals and stimulate the production of endorphins, the body’s natural painkillers.
What is an endoscope used for?
A. To view internal organs and vessels of the body
B. To measure blood pressure
C. To generate images of the heart
D. To stimulate nerves for therapeutic purposes
Answer: A
Explanation: An endoscope is an instrument used to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. It can also be used to perform biopsies and retrieve foreign objects.
What is the main purpose of a sphygmomanometer in a clinical setting?
A. To measure body temperature
B. To measure blood pressure
C. To image the body’s internal structures
D. To sterilize medical equipment
Answer: B
Explanation: A sphygmomanometer is a device that measures blood pressure, often used along with a stethoscope.
Which device is used for administering insulin to patients with diabetes?
A. Insulin pump
B. Nebulizer
C. Ventilator
D. Dialysis machine
Answer: A
Explanation: An insulin pump is a small device that continuously delivers insulin to patients with diabetes to help control their blood glucose levels.
Which of the following devices uses a transducer to convert one form of energy into another?
A. Ultrasound machine
B. Thermometer
C. Sphygmomanometer
D. Centrifuge
Answer: A
Explanation: Ultrasound machines use a transducer or probe to generate sound waves and then receive the echo signals. It converts electrical energy into sound waves and then back into electrical energy to generate an image.
What does an angiography machine do?
A. Examines the inner parts of the gastrointestinal tract
B. Images blood vessels and the flow of blood
C. Measures blood pressure
D. Delivers electrical stimulation to heart muscles
Answer: B
Explanation: An angiography machine is used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the heart chambers.
What does a nebulizer do?
A. It measures body temperature
B. It administers medication in the form of a mist inhaled into the lungs
C. It images the body’s internal structures
D. It stimulates nerves for therapeutic purposes
Answer: B
Explanation: A nebulizer is a drug delivery device used to administer medication in the form of a mist inhaled into the lungs. It is commonly used in the treatment of respiratory diseases.
What is the function of a colposcope in gynecology?
A. To examine the external surface and the lining of the cervix
B. To examine the interior of the eye
C. To measure blood pressure
D. To deliver or remove fluids to/from the body
Answer: A
Explanation: A colposcope is a medical diagnostic procedure to closely examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for signs of disease, often used when a Pap test has abnormal results.
What does a Holter monitor do?
A. Measures blood pressure over a 24-hour period
B. Images the body’s internal structures
C. Continuously records the heart’s rhythms
D. Measures body temperature
Answer: C
Explanation: A Holter monitor is a type of portable electrocardiogram device that records the electrical activity of the heart continuously for 24 hours or longer.
What is a glucometer used for?
A. To measure blood pressure
B. To measure blood glucose levels
C. To image the body’s internal structures
D. To sterilize medical equipment
Answer: B
Explanation: A glucometer is a device used to measure the concentration of glucose in the blood, typically used by people with diabetes.
What is the primary function of a CT scanner?
A. To measure blood pressure
B. To generate images of the body’s internal structures
C. To deliver medication in the form of a mist inhaled into the lungs
D. To sterilize medical equipment
Answer: B
Explanation: A CT scanner uses X-rays and a computer to create detailed images of the inside of the body. It can image cross-sectional slices of the body and can reveal more about the body’s internal structures than regular X-rays.
What does a stethoscope primarily do?
A. Measures blood pressure
B. Amplifies the sounds of the heart and lungs
C. Generates images of the heart
D. Delivers electrical stimulation to heart muscles
Answer: B
Explanation: A stethoscope is used to listen to the sounds made by the heart, lungs, and intestines to diagnose various conditions.
What is the purpose of an MRI machine?
A. To measure body temperature
B. To measure blood pressure
C. To image the body’s internal structures
D. To sterilize medical equipment
Answer: C
Explanation: MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is a type of imaging technology that uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues within the body.
What is the purpose of a pulse oximeter?
A. To measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood
B. To measure blood pressure
C. To image the body’s internal structures
D. To sterilize medical equipment
Answer: A
Explanation: A pulse oximeter is a device that measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood, which is the percentage of blood that is saturated with oxygen. It can also measure heart rate.
What does an autoclave primarily do in a biomedical setting?
A. Measures body temperature
B. Images the body’s internal structures
C. Sterilizes medical equipment
D. Measures blood pressure
Answer: C
Explanation: An autoclave is a device used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam at high temperature. It is commonly used in medical and laboratory settings.
Which device is used to measure the amount of air inhaled and exhaled (lung volumes) and the speed of the air inhaled and exhaled (air flow)?
A. Spirometer
B. Ventilator
C. Nebulizer
D. Pulse Oximeter
Answer: A
Explanation: A spirometer is an apparatus for measuring the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs. It provides two important measurements: the volume of air and the speed at which it is inhaled and exhaled.
What is the function of a defibrillator?
A. To sterilize medical equipment
B. To deliver a dose of electric current to the heart
C. To image the body’s internal structures
D. To measure blood pressure
Answer: B
Explanation: A defibrillator is a device that delivers a dose of electric current (often called a counter-shock) to the heart to help re-establish normal contraction rhythms in a heart that’s beating chaotically and ineffectively.
What is a lancet used for in a clinical setting?
A. To measure blood pressure
B. To make small punctures, such as in the skin
C. To image the body’s internal structures
D. To sterilize medical equipment
Answer: B
Explanation: A lancet is a small, broad, two-edged surgical instrument or blade with a sharp point, used to make small punctures, such as in the skin to obtain blood samples.
What is the main function of a thermometer in a clinical setting?
A. To measure body temperature
B. To measure blood pressure
C. To image the body’s internal structures
D. To sterilize medical equipment
Answer: A
Explanation: A thermometer is an instrument used for measuring and indicating temperature, typically one consisting of a narrow, hermetically sealed glass tube marked with graduations and having at one end a bulb containing mercury or alcohol that expands and contracts in the tube with heating and cooling.
How does an ultrasound machine work?
A. By using magnetic fields and radio waves to create images of the body
B. By using X-rays to create images of the body
C. By sending high-frequency sound waves into the body and receiving the echo signals
D. By using electrical signals to stimulate the muscles
Answer: C
Explanation: Ultrasound machines work on the principle of echolocation. They send high-frequency sound waves into the body, which bounce back as echoes when they hit a boundary between tissues. The machine then uses the time it took for the echo to come back to calculate the distance to the tissue boundary, allowing it to construct an image of the internal structure.
What is the working principle of a CT scanner?
A. It uses X-rays and a computer to create cross-sectional images of the body
B. It uses sound waves and a computer to create images of the body
C. It uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the body
D. It uses electrical signals to stimulate the muscles
Answer: A
Explanation: CT scanners use a motorized X-ray source that rotates around the patient, taking many different views. A computer then processes these views to produce a cross-sectional image of the body.
What is the working principle of a sphygmomanometer?
A. It uses sound waves to measure blood pressure
B. It uses an inflatable rubber cuff, which is used to compress the artery and measure blood pressure
C. It uses a magnetic field to measure blood pressure
D. It uses electrical signals to measure blood pressure
Answer: B
Explanation: A sphygmomanometer consists of an inflatable cuff to restrict blood flow and a mercury or aneroid manometer to measure the pressure. It measures the systolic and diastolic blood pressures by capturing the sounds of the blood as it begins and ceases to flow through the artery.
How does a pulse oximeter work?
A. It measures the oxygen saturation of the blood by analyzing the light absorption of the blood
B. It measures the oxygen saturation of the blood by analyzing the sound waves reflected by the blood
C. It measures the oxygen saturation of the blood by analyzing the heat emitted by the blood
D. It measures the oxygen saturation of the blood by analyzing the electrical signals from the blood
Answer: A
Explanation: A pulse oximeter works on the principle of spectrophotometry. It emits two wavelengths of light, one red and one infrared, that are absorbed differently by oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. By analyzing the amount of light absorbed, it can calculate the oxygen saturation.
How does an MRI scanner work?
A. It uses X-rays and a computer to create detailed images of the body
B. It uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the body
C. It uses sound waves and a computer to create images of the body
D. It uses electrical signals to create images of the body
Answer: B
Explanation: MRI scanners work by using a large magnet and radio waves to generate signals from atoms in the body. These signals are then picked up by a receiver within the MRI scanner and processed by a computer to generate images of the inside of the body.
What is the working principle of an ECG machine?
A. It uses sound waves to measure the electrical activity of the heart
B. It uses a magnetic field to measure the electrical activity of the heart
C. It uses light absorption to measure the electrical activity of the heart
D. It records the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time
Answer: D
Explanation: An ECG machine works by detecting and amplifying the tiny electrical changes on the skin that are caused by the depolarization and repolarization of the heart muscle during each heartbeat.
How does a defibrillator work?
A. It uses sound waves to restore a normal heartbeat by sending an electric pulse or shock to the heart
B. It uses a magnetic field to restore a normal heartbeat by sending an electric pulse or shock to the heart
C. It uses light absorption to restore a normal heartbeat by sending an electric pulse or shock to the heart
D. It restores a normal heartbeat by sending an electric pulse or shock to the heart
Answer: D
Explanation: A defibrillator works by delivering a dose of electric current (often called a counter-shock) to the heart. This depolarizes a critical mass of the heart muscle, terminates the arrhythmia, and allows normal sinus rhythm to be reestablished by the body’s natural pacemaker.
How does a PET scanner work?
A. It uses X-rays and a computer to create detailed images of the body
B. It uses a special dye containing radioactive tracers to help visualize metabolic processes in the body
C. It uses sound waves and a computer to create images of the body
D. It uses electrical signals to create images of the body
Answer: B
Explanation: In a PET scan, a small amount of a radioactive drug is injected into the body, which is absorbed by the tissues. The scanner then detects and creates images from the energy given off by the decaying radionuclide, showing the function of organs or tissues.
How does a glucometer work?
A. It uses sound waves to measure the concentration of glucose in the blood
B. It uses a magnetic field to measure the concentration of glucose in the blood
C. It uses an enzymatic biochemical reaction to measure the concentration of glucose in the blood
D. It uses light absorption to measure the concentration of glucose in the blood
Answer: C
Explanation: A glucometer works by using test strips containing chemicals that react with glucose. When blood is applied to the test strip, the chemicals react with the glucose and generate an electric current. The glucometer measures this current and calculates the blood glucose level.
How does a pacemaker work?
A. It uses sound waves to help control abnormal heart rhythms
B. It uses a magnetic field to help control abnormal heart rhythms
C. It uses light absorption to help control abnormal heart rhythms
D. It uses electrical impulses to help control abnormal heart rhythms
Answer: D
Explanation: A pacemaker is a small device that is placed in the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms. It works by sending electrical impulses to the heart muscle to maintain a suitable heart rate and rhythm.
How does a ventilator work?
A. It uses sound waves to assist or replace spontaneous breathing
B. It uses a magnetic field to assist or replace spontaneous breathing
C. It uses electrical impulses to assist or replace spontaneous breathing
D. It uses positive pressure to assist or replace spontaneous breathing
Answer: D
Explanation: A ventilator assists or replaces spontaneous breathing. It provides a form of breathing by delivering air to the lungs under pressure during the inspiratory cycle to inflate the lungs.
How does a dialysis machine work?
A. It uses sound waves to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are not able to adequately do so
B. It uses a semi-permeable membrane to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are not able to adequately do so
C. It uses a magnetic field to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are not able to adequately do so
D. It uses electrical impulses to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are not able to adequately do so
Answer: B
Explanation: Dialysis works on the principles of diffusion and osmosis. In hemodialysis, blood is passed through a semi-permeable membrane in a dialyzer where waste products and excess water move across the membrane into a dialysis solution and are discarded.
How does a gamma camera work in nuclear medicine imaging?
A. It detects radioactive energy that is emitted from the patient’s body and converts it into an electrical signal for image formation
B. It uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the body
C. It uses X-rays and a computer to create detailed images of the body
D. It uses sound waves and a computer to create images of the body
Answer: A
Explanation: A gamma camera detects gamma rays emitted from a patient who has been injected with a small amount of radioactive tracer. The camera moves around the patient, capturing images from many angles that a computer uses to form a 2D image or a 3D image if it’s a SPECT camera.
How does a catheter-based ultrasound work?
A. It uses high-frequency sound waves that echo off of heart structures to create moving images of the heart
B. It uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the heart
C. It uses X-rays and a computer to create detailed images of the heart
D. It uses electrical impulses to create images of the heart
Answer: A
Explanation: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a catheter-based system that allows physicians to acquire images of the inner walls of the coronary arteries. It uses high-frequency sound waves (also called ultrasound) that echo off of heart structures. These echo waves create moving images of the heart that can be observed on a computer screen.
How does a biopotential amplifier, like an ECG amplifier, work in biomedical instrumentation?
A. It amplifies sound waves to measure the electrical activity of the heart
B. It amplifies a magnetic field to measure the electrical activity of the heart
C. It amplifies light absorption to measure the electrical activity of the heart
D. It amplifies small electrical signals generated by the body, like the heart’s electrical activity
Answer: D
Explanation: Biopotential amplifiers are used to amplify the small electrical signals that are generated by the body, such as those generated by the heart’s electrical activity. These signals are often too small to be measured directly by other instruments, so the amplifier increases their size so that they can be observed and measured.
How does a digital thermometer work?
A. It uses a heat sensor to measure body temperature
B. It uses sound waves to measure body temperature
C. It uses a magnetic field to measure body temperature
D. It uses electrical signals to measure body temperature
Answer: A
Explanation: A digital thermometer uses a thermistor or a similar device, which is a type of resistor whose resistance changes significantly with temperature. When it comes into contact with body heat, it produces a resistance that the thermometer’s circuit measures and converts into a temperature reading.
What is the purpose of calibration in biomedical instrumentation?
A. To ensure the instrument’s readings are consistent with the actual values
B. To fix broken parts of the instrument
C. To upgrade the software of the instrument
D. To replace the batteries in the instrument
Answer: A
Explanation: Calibration is the process of checking and adjusting the accuracy of a device by comparing its results with a known value or standard. In biomedical instrumentation, this is important to ensure accurate and reliable results.
How can you troubleshoot a non-responsive pulse oximeter?
A. By shaking it vigorously
B. By replacing the batteries
C. By using it on another patient
D. By connecting it to a computer
Answer: B
Explanation: A common cause of a non-responsive pulse oximeter is depleted batteries. Replacing the batteries often resolves this issue. It’s also important to check the device for physical damage and ensure the sensor is properly placed on the patient.
What might cause an ECG machine to display a flat line even when connected to a patient?
A. The patient is perfectly healthy
B. The machine’s software needs to be updated
C. The electrodes might not be properly attached to the patient
D. The room is too cold
Answer: C
Explanation: An ECG machine could display a flat line if the electrodes are not properly attached to the patient or if the cables connecting the electrodes to the machine are damaged. Always check the physical connections first in such cases.
What is the first step in troubleshooting a biomedical instrument that is not turning on?
A. Check the power source
B. Check the software
C. Check the patient
D. Check the room temperature
Answer: A
Explanation: The first step in troubleshooting an instrument that is not turning on is to check the power source. This includes checking whether the device is plugged in, whether the outlet is providing power, or if a battery-powered device, whether the batteries are charged.
How can you troubleshoot an ultrasound machine that is not producing clear images?
A. By adjusting the contrast and brightness settings
B. By shaking the machine
C. By using the machine on another patient
D. By putting the machine in the freezer
Answer: A
Explanation: If an ultrasound machine isn’t producing clear images, it might be due to improper settings. Adjusting the contrast and brightness can help improve image clarity. Also, ensuring the proper amount of conductive gel is used can improve image quality.
If a defibrillator fails to deliver a shock, what could be a possible cause?
A. The room is too bright
B. The machine’s batteries might be depleted
C. The patient is perfectly healthy
D. The machine is too close to a window
Answer: B
Explanation: If a defibrillator fails to deliver a shock, it could be due to depleted batteries, a malfunction of the internal circuitry, or faulty or improperly connected electrodes. Always check the power source and the physical connections first.
In the event of inconsistent readings from a blood pressure monitor, what could be a plausible first step in troubleshooting?
A. Check if the cuff is properly positioned and inflated
B. Check if the batteries in the device are depleted
C. Check if the device software needs an upgrade
D. Check if the patient is properly hydrated
Answer: A
Explanation: The most common cause of inconsistent readings from a blood pressure monitor is improper cuff placement or inflation. Ensure that the cuff is positioned correctly and is inflated to an appropriate level.
What can cause the failure of an MRI machine’s cooling system?
A. The MRI machine is being used too frequently
B. The helium level in the cooling system is too low
C. The MRI machine is too old
D. The room is too hot
Answer: B
Explanation: MRI machines use superconducting magnets cooled by liquid helium. If the helium level gets too low, the cooling system can fail, which can lead to a quench (rapid loss of superconductivity and potential damage to the machine).
If an EEG machine is giving noisy readings, what is the likely cause?
A. The electrodes are not properly attached to the patient’s scalp
B. The patient is moving too much
C. There is interference from other electrical devices in the room
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: All of these factors can contribute to noisy readings from an EEG machine. It’s crucial to ensure that the electrodes are properly attached, the patient is still, and that other devices in the room are not interfering with the EEG machine’s signal.
What could cause an infusion pump to alarm frequently?
A. The infusion pump is out of medication
B. There is an occlusion in the line
C. The patient is moving too much
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Several issues can trigger an infusion pump alarm, including the pump being out of medication, an occlusion (blockage) in the line, and excessive patient movement. Always refer to the device’s troubleshooting guide for specific instructions.
In troubleshooting a non-responsive ventilator, what could be the first check?
A. Check the power source
B. Check if the patient is breathing normally
C. Check if the machine is outdated
D. Check if the room temperature is suitable
Answer: A
Explanation: The first step in troubleshooting a non-responsive ventilator should be to check the power source. This includes checking whether the device is plugged in and whether the power outlet is functioning properly.
What can cause a decrease in image quality in a CT scan?
A. The CT scanner’s X-ray tube is malfunctioning
B. The CT scanner’s detectors are malfunctioning
C. There is interference from other electrical devices in the room
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: A decrease in image quality in a CT scan could be due to a malfunctioning X-ray tube, issues with the detectors, or interference from other electrical devices. These factors can degrade the quality of the image and impact the scanner’s ability to accurately represent the patient’s anatomy.
What might cause an ultrasound probe to heat up excessively?
A. The probe has been used continuously for a prolonged period
B. The cooling system of the probe is faulty
C. The probe is being used improperly
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: An ultrasound probe might heat up due to prolonged continuous use, a faulty cooling system, or improper use. If this occurs, stop using the probe immediately and have it inspected by a qualified technician to avoid damage to the probe or harm to the patient.
If a spectrophotometer is not displaying accurate readings, what could be a plausible first step in troubleshooting?
A. Verify the calibration of the instrument
B. Check the power source
C. Replace the sample cuvette
D. All of the above
Answer: A
Explanation: Inaccurate readings from a spectrophotometer could be due to calibration errors. It’s important to verify the calibration of the instrument using known standards at regular intervals to ensure accurate measurements.
If an incubator in a laboratory is not maintaining the correct temperature, what could be the cause?
A. The temperature control system is malfunctioning
B. The door seal is damaged or loose
C. The incubator is placed in a location with extreme ambient temperatures
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Several issues could cause an incubator to fail in maintaining the correct temperature. These include a malfunctioning temperature control system, a damaged or loose door seal, or improper placement of the incubator in an area with extreme ambient temperatures.
What could cause errors in measurements from a glucometer?
A. The test strip is expired or damaged
B. The blood sample size is inadequate
C. The glucometer has not been properly calibrated
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Several factors can lead to errors in glucose measurements from a glucometer. These include the use of expired or damaged test strips, inadequate blood sample size, or a lack of proper calibration of the glucometer.
What might be the reason for an autoclave failing to reach the set temperature?
A. The heating element is malfunctioning
B. The autoclave is overloaded with instruments
C. There is a leak in the door seal
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: The heating element might be malfunctioning, the autoclave could be overloaded, or there could be a leak in the door seal – any of these conditions could cause an autoclave to fail in reaching the set temperature.
What can cause a hematology analyzer to give inaccurate cell counts?
A. The sample is hemolyzed or clotted
B. The analyzer is not properly calibrated
C. The reagents used are expired or improperly stored
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: A hematology analyzer could give inaccurate cell counts if the blood sample is hemolyzed or clotted, if the analyzer is not properly calibrated, or if the reagents used are expired or improperly stored.
What can cause an X-ray machine to produce images with poor contrast?
A. The X-ray tube is malfunctioning
B. The settings of the machine are not properly adjusted
C. The film or digital sensor is expired or damaged
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: Poor contrast in X-ray images could be due to a malfunctioning X-ray tube, improperly adjusted settings, or an expired or damaged film or digital sensor.
If a centrifuge is not spinning, what could be a likely cause?
A. The lid is not properly closed
B. The rotor is not properly installed or is overloaded
C. The centrifuge motor is malfunctioning
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: If a centrifuge is not spinning, it could be due to the lid not being properly closed, the rotor being improperly installed or overloaded, or the centrifuge motor malfunctioning. Always check the physical components and settings before considering motor failure.
What might be the reason for a PCR machine (thermocycler) not reaching the set temperatures?
A. The machine is not properly calibrated
B. The heating block is malfunctioning
C. The machine’s software is outdated
D. All of the above
Answer: A
Explanation: While all of the options can potentially cause issues, the most likely reason for a PCR machine not reaching set temperatures is a calibration issue. Regular calibration can help ensure the accuracy and reliability of PCR results.
What is the primary objective of biomedical instrumentation?
A. To produce a visual representation of the interior of the body
B. To assist in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases
C. To improve the comfort of patients
D. To increase the speed of medical procedures
Answer: B
Explanation: The primary objective of biomedical instrumentation is to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This can include everything from imaging technologies to medical devices that help monitor a patient’s health.
What is the purpose of a transducer in biomedical instrumentation?
A. To store data
B. To convert one form of energy to another
C. To display data
D. To create a magnetic field
Answer: B
Explanation: A transducer is a device that converts one form of energy to another. In biomedical instrumentation, transducers are often used to convert physical or biological changes into electrical signals that can be interpreted by a computer or other device.
What is a pacemaker’s primary function?
A. To regulate the heartbeat
B. To monitor blood pressure
C. To assist in breathing
D. To monitor brain activity
Answer: A
Explanation: A pacemaker’s primary function is to regulate the heartbeat. It does this by sending electrical impulses to the heart muscle to maintain a suitable heart rate and rhythm.
What is the main difference between invasive and non-invasive biomedical instruments?
A. Invasive instruments require a power source, while non-invasive instruments do not
B. Invasive instruments come into direct contact with the interior of the body, while non-invasive instruments do not
C. Invasive instruments are used for diagnosis, while non-invasive instruments are used for treatment
D. Invasive instruments are always larger than non-invasive instruments
Answer: B
Explanation: Invasive biomedical instruments are inserted into the body, either through natural openings or incisions. Non-invasive instruments, on the other hand, are used outside the body and do not penetrate the skin or body orifices.
What is the function of an ECG machine?
A. To measure blood pressure
B. To image the heart
C. To monitor brain activity
D. To record the electrical activity of the heart
Answer: D
Explanation: An electrocardiogram (ECG) machine is used to record the electrical activity of the heart. It helps in diagnosing a range of heart conditions by tracking the heart’s rhythm and electrical activity over a period of time.
What is the purpose of a catheter in biomedical instrumentation?
A. To deliver drugs or fluids into the body
B. To remove waste from the body
C. To monitor internal body conditions
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: A catheter is a flexible tube that is inserted into the body, typically into a blood vessel, for a wide range of purposes. It can be used to deliver drugs or fluids, remove waste, or monitor internal body conditions.
What is the fundamental principle of an ultrasound machine?
A. It uses X-rays to image the body
B. It uses sound waves to create images of the interior of the body
C. It uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create images of the body
D. It uses electrical signals to monitor the heart’s activity
Answer: B
Explanation: An ultrasound machine operates on the principle of high-frequency sound waves. These waves are sent into the body, and their echoes are used to create images of the internal structures of the body.
What is the purpose of an endoscope in biomedical instrumentation?
A. To monitor the heart’s activity
B. To image the exterior of the body
C. To view the internal structures of the body
D. To deliver drugs into the body
Answer: C
Explanation: An endoscope is an instrument used to examine the interior of a hollow organ or body cavity. It often includes a light and a camera, allowing doctors to view images of the inside of the patient’s body.
What is the function of a defibrillator?
A. To assist in breathing
B. To monitor blood pressure
C. To restore normal heart rhythm
D. To monitor brain activity
Answer: C
Explanation: A defibrillator is a device that delivers an electrical shock to the heart. This shock is intended to restore a normal heart rhythm in the event of a cardiac arrest or other life-threatening heart conditions.
What is a pulse oximeter used for?
A. To measure heart rate and oxygen saturation in the blood
B. To image the lungs
C. To measure blood pressure
D. To monitor brain activity
Answer: A
Explanation: A pulse oximeter is a small, clip-like device that is typically placed on a body part like a finger or earlobe. It measures heart rate and the level of oxygen saturation in the blood.
What is the purpose of a sphygmomanometer in biomedical instrumentation?
A. To measure heart rate
B. To measure blood pressure
C. To image the heart
D. To monitor brain activity
Answer: B
Explanation: A sphygmomanometer is an instrument used to measure blood pressure. It usually consists of an inflatable cuff, a measuring unit (the manometer), and a mechanism for inflation which may be a manually operated bulb and valve or a pump and valve operated electrically.
What is the purpose of a stethoscope?
A. To image the heart
B. To measure blood pressure
C. To listen to internal sounds in the body
D. To measure heart rate
Answer: C
Explanation: A stethoscope is an instrument used to listen to internal sounds in the body, often used in the detection and study of heart, lung, stomach, and other body sounds. It can also be used to measure blood pressure when used in conjunction with a sphygmomanometer.
What is the working principle of a dialysis machine?
A. It uses a magnetic field to clean the blood
B. It uses diffusion and ultrafiltration to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood
C. It uses electrical impulses to stimulate the kidneys
D. It uses high-frequency sound waves to break down toxins in the blood
Answer: B
Explanation: A dialysis machine works on the principle of diffusion and ultrafiltration. It is designed to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are not able to do so properly.
What is the function of an insulin pump in diabetes management?
A. To monitor blood glucose levels
B. To deliver insulin to the body
C. To stimulate the pancreas to produce insulin
D. To break down glucose in the blood
Answer: B
Explanation: An insulin pump is a device that continuously delivers insulin to the body. This helps to manage blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes.
What is the purpose of a ventilation machine?
A. To assist in or take over the process of breathing
B. To monitor lung function
C. To deliver medication to the lungs
D. To warm and humidify the air
Answer: A
Explanation: A ventilator, or breathing machine, helps a patient breathe by giving oxygen through a tube placed in their mouth or nose, or through a hole in the front of their neck. It can be set to take over your breathing completely, or to assist with breathing.
What is the primary purpose of a thermometer in healthcare?
A. To measure heart rate
B. To measure body temperature
C. To measure blood pressure
D. To monitor brain activity
Answer: B
Explanation: The primary function of a thermometer in healthcare is to measure body temperature. This can aid in diagnosing certain conditions, such as fever, or monitoring the effectiveness of treatment.
What is the basic function of a spirometer?
A. To measure the air capacity of the lungs
B. To monitor heart rate
C. To image the lungs
D. To deliver medication to the lungs
Answer: A
Explanation: A spirometer is a device used to measure how much air your lungs can hold and how quickly you can move air in and out of your lungs. It is often used in diagnosing conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
What is a PET scan primarily used for in medicine?
A. To measure blood pressure
B. To image the body’s organs and tissues at a cellular level
C. To monitor brain activity
D. To deliver radiation therapy
Answer: B
Explanation: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a type of imaging technology that helps reveal how your tissues and organs are functioning. The scan uses a special dye that has radioactive tracers, which are taken up by cells in your body. It can help in diagnosing and monitoring various health conditions, including cancer, heart disease, and brain disorders.
What is the function of a nebulizer in respiratory care?
A. To measure lung capacity
B. To deliver medication in the form of a mist to the lungs
C. To assist in breathing
D. To monitor lung function
Answer: B
Explanation: A nebulizer is a device that turns liquid medicine into a mist that can be inhaled into the lungs. It is often used in the treatment of conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
What is the purpose of a glucose meter in diabetes management?
A. To monitor blood pressure
B. To monitor blood glucose levels
C. To deliver insulin to the body
D. To stimulate the pancreas to produce insulin
Answer: B
Explanation: A glucose meter is a medical device used to determine the concentration of glucose in the blood. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is an essential part of managing diabetes.
What is the primary function of a stent in cardiovascular care?
A. To deliver medication to the heart
B. To monitor heart activity
C. To open or widen narrowed or blocked arteries
D. To regulate heart rhythm
Answer: C
Explanation: A stent is a small, flexible tube that is inserted into a blocked passageway to keep it open. In cardiovascular care, stents are often used to treat narrowed or blocked arteries.
What is the purpose of a hearing aid?
A. To restore hearing to a completely deaf individual
B. To assist in balance
C. To amplify sound for individuals with hearing loss
D. To monitor brain activity related to hearing
Answer: C
Explanation: A hearing aid is a small electronic device that you wear in or behind your ear. It amplifies sounds so that a person with hearing loss can listen, communicate, and participate more fully in daily activities.
What does an electromyograph (EMG) measure?
A. Electrical activity in muscles
B. Heart rhythm
C. Blood pressure
D. Lung capacity
Answer: A
Explanation: An electromyograph (EMG) is a test that is used to record the electrical activity of muscles. When muscles are active, they produce an electrical current which can be measured and used to assess muscle and nerve function.
What is the function of an MRI machine in medical imaging?
A. To use sound waves to create images of the body
B. To use X-rays to create images of the body
C. To use magnetic fields and radio waves to create images of the body
D. To use electrical activity to create images of the body
Answer: C
Explanation: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a type of imaging technology that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues within the body. It does not use ionizing radiation like X-rays or CT scans.
What does a spirometer measure?
A. Blood pressure
B. Heart rate
C. Oxygen saturation in the blood
D. Lung function
Answer: D
Explanation: A spirometer measures lung function, specifically the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled. It is commonly used to diagnose conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other conditions that affect breathing.
What is the function of a syringe in medical procedures?
A. To deliver medication or fluid into the body
B. To monitor blood pressure
C. To image the body’s internal structures
D. To regulate heart rhythm
Answer: A
Explanation: A syringe is a simple pump consisting of a plunger that fits tightly in a tube. It is used in medicine to administer injections, infuse intravenous therapy into the bloodstream, apply compounds such as glue or lubricant, and measure liquids.
What is the function of a tonometer in eye care?
A. To measure intraocular pressure
B. To image the retina
C. To correct vision
D. To measure the size of the pupil
Answer: A
Explanation: A tonometer is an instrument that measures the pressure inside your eye, which is called intraocular pressure (IOP). It is used to test for glaucoma, a disease that can cause serious vision problems if not treated.
What is the function of a defibrillator?
A. To assist in breathing
B. To monitor heart rhythm
C. To restore normal heart rhythm
D. To image the heart
Answer: C
Explanation: A defibrillator is a device that gives a high-energy electric shock to the heart of someone who is in car
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